Effect of glide path preparation with PathFile and ProGlider on the cyclic fatigue resistance of WaveOne nickel-titanium files

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of glide path preparation with PathFile and ProGlider nickel-titanium (NiTi) files on the cyclic fatigue resistance of WaveOne NiTi files. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four WaveOne Primary files were used and divided into four groups (n = 11). In the first group (0 WaveOne), the WaveOne Primary files served as a control group and were not used on acrylic blocks. In the 1 WaveOne Group, acrylic blocks were prepared using only WaveOne Primary files, and in the PF+WaveOne group and PG+WaveOne groups, acrylic blocks were first prepared with PathFile or ProGlider NiTi files, respectively, followed by the use of WaveOne Primary files. All the WaveOne Primary files were then subjected to cyclic fatigue testing. The number of cycles to failure was calculated and the data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey honest significant difference multiple-comparison test at a 5% significance level. RESULTS: The highest number of cycles to failure was found in the control group, and the lowest numbers were found in the 1 WaveOne group and the PF+WaveOne group. Significant differences were found among the 1 WaveOne, PF+WaveOne, and control groups (p 0.05). CONCLUSION: Glide path preparation with NiTi rotary files did not affect the cyclic fatigue resistance of WaveOne Primary files used on acrylic blocks.

Cyclic fatigue resistance of the WaveOne Gold Glider, ProGlider, and the One G glide path instruments in double-curvature canals

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of the WaveOne Gold Glider, ProGlider and One G glide path instruments in artificial double-curvature canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 15 WaveOne Gold Glider (size 15/0.08), 15 ProGlider (size 16/0.08), and 15 One G (size 16/0.06) nickel titanium files. The files were used in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions until they were broken in artificial double-curvature canals made of stainless steel. The time to fracture was recorded via a digital stopwatch and the number of rotations until fracture was also calculated. The data were statistically analyzed via the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: The highest average number of rotations until fracture of the files was found for the WaveOne Gold Glider, followed by ProGlider and One G in order. Statistically significant differences were present between all groups of files (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, the resistance of the WaveOne Gold Glider nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) file to cyclic fatigue in S-shaped curved canals was found to be higher than that of the ProGlider and One G Ni-Ti files.

Estudio comparativo de la conformación generada con las limas ProGlider y WaveOne Gold Glider en conductos curvos simulados / A comparative study of the shaping ability generated with ProGlider and WaveOne Gold Glider in simulated curved canals

Objetivo: Comparar, en conductos curvos simulados de Endo Training Blocks, la conformación alcanzada por las limas ProGlider y WaveOne Gold Glider. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizaron 20 Endo Training Blocks con conductos curvos. Los conductos fueron teñidos con tinta china. Los bloques fueron divididos al azar en dos grupos, A y B, de 10 bloques cada uno. En el grupo A los conductos se permeabilizaron y conformaron con limas ProGlider, y en el grupo B, con limas WaveOne Gold Glider, accionadas con movimiento rotatorio y reciprocante, respectivamente. Para realizar la evaluación, los conductos se dividieron en tres tercios (cervical, medio y apical), para lo cual se colocó debajo de cada bloque una hoja milimetrada, y en esa posición fueron fotografiados. Se observaron las imágenes y se estableció la siguiente categorización: 0, no conformado; 1, conformación parcial; 2, conformado. La comparación entre los dos grupos dentro de cada tercio fue realizada por medio de la prueba de Chi cuadrado o de la prueba exacta de Fisher, según correspondiera. La comparación entre tercios dentro de cada grupo fue efectuada con la prueba de Friedman. En ambos casos se fijó el nivel de significancia en P<0,05. Resultados: En los tres tercios evaluados, el WaveOne Glod Glider mostró mejores resultados que el ProGlider, obervándose diferencias estadísticas significativas entre los grupos dentro de cada tercio. La comparación entre tercios dentro de cada grupo mostró, en el grupo A, ausencia de diferencias significativas entre los tercios cervical y medio, en tanto el tercio apical fue significativamente diferente a los otros dos; en el grupo B hubo diferencias estadísticas significativas entre el tercio cervical y el medio, mientras no las hubo entre el apical y los otros dos. Conclusiones: En los tres tercios evaluados, el WaveOne Gold Glider mostró mejores resultados que el ProGlider (AU)

Aim: To compare in simulated curved canals of Endo Training Blocks, the shaping ability of ProGlider and WaveOne Gold Glider files. Materials and methods: Twenty Endo Training Blocks with curved canals were used. The simulated canals were dyed with China ink. The blocks were randomly assigned to two groups, A and B, of 10 blocks each. Group A canals were shaped with ProGlider files and group B ones with WaveOne Gold Glider files, operated with rotary and reciprocating motion respectively. For the evaluation, the canals were divided into three thirds (cervical, middle and apical). A sheet of graft paper was placed under each block and they were photographed. The images were observed and the following score was established: 0, not shaped; 1, partially shaped; 2, shaped. The comparison between the two groups within each third was made by means of the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. The comparison between thirds within each group was made by means of Friedman's test. In both cases, the level of significance was set at P<0.05. Results: WaveOne Gold Glider showed better results than ProGlider in the three evaluated thirds. Statistical significant differences were detected between groups in each third. The comparison between thirds within each group showed, in group A, no significant differences between the cervical and middle thirds, while the apical third presented significant differences with the other two. In group B, significant differences were observed between the cervical and middle thirds, while there were none between the apical and the other two thirds. Conclusions: In the three thirds evaluated, WaveOne Gold Glider showed better results than ProGlider (AU)

Permeabilización del Canal Radicular y Transporte Apical: Comparación de Tres Sistemas / Root Canal Glide Path and Apical Transportation: Three System Comparison

La mantención de la anatomía original del canal radicular incide directamente en el éxito del tratamiento endodóntico. Para ello, los sistemas rotatorios de instrumentación requieren de canales radiculares permeables. Existen distintas limas y sistemas para la permeabilización o glide path como las limas tipo K manuales de acero inoxidable y los sistemas de NiTi rotatorios PathFile y ProGlider (Dentsply, Maillefer). Así, el objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar la capacidad de distintos sistemas de permeabilización para mantener la anatomía radicular sin producir transporte apical en canales mesiales de molares inferiores humanos extraídos. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo experimental cuya muestra estuvo conformada por 36 canales mesiales de molares mandibulares humanos extraídos. Las muestras fueron divididas aleatoriamente en tres grupos conformados por 12 canales, cada uno de los cuales fueron sometidos a distintos sistemas de permeabilización (Lima K, PathFile y ProGlider). Las muestras fueron fotografiadas antes y después de la permeabilización utilizando un microscopio con magnificación 30X. Se cuantificó el desplazamiento del canal radicular en sentido mesio - distal y buco - lingual posterior a la permeabilización. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el paquete estadístico InfoStat/L y se aplicó la prueba de ANOVA / Tukey. Se observó que el sistema PathFile produce mayor transporte del canal radicular en su tercio apical en la dirección mesio-distal (p=0,77) y el sistema ProGlider en la dirección buco-lingual (p=0,57). Sin embargo, estas diferencias no fueron significativas. En conclusión, los sistemas de permeabilización analizados no presentaron diferencias en cuanto a su capacidad para mantener la anatomía sin producir transporte apical.

Preservation of the original root canal anatomy has a direct influence on the success of an endodontic treatment. In order to achieve this, rotary instrumentation systems require permeable root canals. Different files and systems are used for the establishment of a glide path such as manual stainless steel K files and NiTi rotatory systems like PathFile and ProGlider (Dentsply, Maillefer). Thus, the objective of this research was to compare the ability of different systems to create a glide path and maintain root canal anatomy without producing apical transportation in mesial root canals of extracted human lower molars. A quantitative experimental study was performed with a sample of 36 mesial root canals of extracted human mandibular molars. The samples were randomly divided into three groups consisting of 12 root canals each, which were subjected to different glide path systems (K-Files, PathFile and ProGlider). Samples were photographed before and after creating glide path using a microscope with 30X magnification. The displacement of the root canal in a mesio - distal and bucco - lingual direction was quantified after creating glide path. Data was analyzed using the statistical package InfoStat / L and the ANOVA / Tukey test was applied. The PathFile system produced greater transport of the root canal in its apical third in the mesio-distal direction (p = 0.77) and the ProGlider system in the bucco-lingual direction (p = 0.57). However, these differences were not significant. In conclusion, the glide path systems analyzed do not present any differences in their ability to maintain the anatomy without producing apical transportation.

In vitro comparison of the cyclic fatigue resistance of HyFlex EDM, One G, and ProGlider nickel titanium glide path instruments in single and double curvature canals

OBJECTIVES: It was aimed to compare the cyclic fatigue resistances of ProGlider (PG), One G (OG), and HyFlex EDM (HEDM) nickel titanium glide path files in single- and double-curved artificial canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 40 PG (16/0.02), 40 OG (14/0.03), and 40 HEDM (10/0.05) single-file glide path files were used in the present study. Sixty files were subjected to cyclic fatigue test by using double-curved canals and 60 files by using single-curved canal (n = 20). The number of cycles to fracture (NCF) was calculated and the length of the fractured fragment (FL) was determined by a digital micro-caliper. Twelve pieces of fractured files were examined with scanning electron microscope to determine fracture types of the files (n = 2). The NCF and the FL data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test using SPSS 21 software (p < 0.05). RESULTS: In all of the groups, NCF values were significantly lower in double-curved canals when compared to single-curved canals (p < 0.05). For both of single- and double-curved canals, NCF values of HEDM group in apical and coronal curvatures were found to be significantly higher than NCF values of PG and OG groups (p < 0.05). In both of single- and double-curved canals, NCF value of PG group was found significantly higher than OG group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, HEDM glide path files were found to have the highest cyclic fatigue resistance in both of single- and double-curved canals.

Influence of a glide path on the dentinal crack formation of ProTaper Next system

OBJECTIVES: The aim was to evaluate dentinal crack formation after root canal preparation with ProTaper Next system (PTN) with and without a glide path. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five mesial roots of mandibular first molars were selected. Fifteen teeth were left unprepared and served as controls. The experimental groups consist of mesiobuccal and mesiolingual root canals of remaining 30 teeth, which were divided into 2 groups (n = 15): Group PG/PTN, glide path was created with ProGlider (PG) and then canals were shaped with PTN system; Group PTN, glide path was not prepared and canals were shaped with PTN system only. All roots were sectioned perpendicular to the long axis at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 mm from the apex, and the sections were observed under a stereomicroscope. The presence/absence of cracks was recorded. Data were analyzed with chi-square tests with Yates correction. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in crack formation between the PTN with and without glide path preparation. The incidence of cracks observed in PG/PTN and PTN groups was 17.8% and 28.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The creation of a glide path with ProGlider before ProTaper Next rotary system did not influence dentinal crack formation in root canals.